鍛造是一種利用鍛壓機械對金屬坯料施加壓力，使其產(chǎn)生塑性變形以獲得具有一定機械性能、一定形狀和尺寸鍛件的加工方法，鍛壓（鍛造與沖壓）的兩大組成部分之一。

Forging is a kind of forging process that uses pressure forming machinery to exert pressure on metal billet and make it produce plastic deformation to obtain certain processing methods of forging, which has certain mechanical properties, shape and size, and is one of the two components of forging, forging and stamping.

基本工序：自由鍛造時，鍛件的形狀是通過一些基本變形工序?qū)⑴髁现鸩藉懗傻?。自由鍛造的基本工序有鐓粗、拔長、沖孔、彎曲和切斷等。

The basic process is: free forging, the shape of forging is gradually formed by some basic deformation processes. The basic process of free forging is upsetting, drawing, punching, bending and cutting.

鐓粗是鐓粗示意圖使毛坯高度減小，橫斷面積增大的鍛造工序。 鐓粗工序主要用于鍛造齒輪坯、圓餅類鍛件。鐓粗工序可以有效地改善坯料組織，減小力學(xué)性能的異向性。 鐓粗與拔長的反復(fù)進行，可以改善高合金工具鋼中碳化物的形態(tài)和分布狀態(tài)。

Upsetting is the forging process that indicates that the blank height is reduced and the cross section area is increased. The upsetting process is mainly used for forging gear blanks and round cake forgings. The upsetting process can effectively improve the billet structure and reduce the anisotropy of mechanical properties. The morphology and distribution of carbides in high alloy tool steel can be improved by repeated upsetting and drawing.

鐓粗主要有以下形式：

完全鐓粗。完全鐓粗是將坯料豎直放在砧面上， 在上砧的錘擊下， 使坯料產(chǎn)生高度減小，橫截面積增大的塑性變形。

Upsetting mainly includes the following forms:

Full upsetting. Complete upsetting is to place the blank vertically on the anvil surface, hammering on the anvil, so that the height of the blank decreases, the cross-sectional area increases plastic deformation.