在考慮鍛造工藝時特別是后一火的鍛造時，應(yīng)盡量避免在臨界變形程度下進(jìn)行，以免得到粗大晶粒組織。具體來說，高溫下金屬塑性好，變形抗力小，應(yīng)采用遠(yuǎn)大于臨界變形程度的較大變形量鍛造；低溫修正時采用低于臨界變形程度的小變形量進(jìn)行局部修整。

When the forging process is cidered, especially when the last fire is forged, the critical deformation should be avoided as far as , so as to avoid coarse grain structure. Concretely speaking, high temperature metal has good plasticity and small deformation resistance. We should adopt large deformation amount forging far greater than critical deformation degree. When low temperature correction is used, small deformation below critical deformation degree should be used for local trimming.

由于熱變形形成纖維組織，會使金屬的力學(xué)性能出現(xiàn)異向性，即縱向力學(xué)性能指標(biāo)中的A，Z，Ak比橫向相應(yīng)的指標(biāo)大得多，兩個方向上的強(qiáng)度Rm。Re差別不大。

Due to the formation of fibrous microstructure by thermal deformation, the mechanical properties of metals will be different. That is, A, Z and Ak in longitudinal mechanical properties are much larger than those itransverse direction, and the strength in two directi is Rm. Re is not very different.

不知道聽到工藝兩個字的時候我們更多的想到的是什么?我想很多人對工藝的追求大多體現(xiàn)在對一些藝術(shù)品上面。其實(shí)不僅僅是藝術(shù)品對工藝的要求非常高。Forgingcaneliminatethedefectssuchascastingporosityandsoonduringthesmeltingprocess,andoptimizethemicrostructure。在我們的機(jī)械領(lǐng)域?qū)に囈彩蔷媲缶?，因為只有高超的工藝才能制造出更的產(chǎn)品，就比如說大口徑法蘭對它的工藝要求也是很高的。

I don't know what we think about more when we hear the two  of the craft?在鍛造時，金屬的脆性雜質(zhì)被打碎，順著金屬主要伸長方向呈碎粒狀或鏈狀分布。 I think a lot of people's pursuit of the craft is mostly on some of the works of art. In fact, not only is the art of art demanding very high technology. In our field of machinery, we also strive for improvement in technology, because only superb technology can make more perfect products, for example, large diameter flanges require high technological requirements for them.

在現(xiàn)代工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中，機(jī)器自由鍛已成為鍛造生產(chǎn)的主要方法，在重型機(jī)械制造中，它具有特別重要的作用。而產(chǎn)生的鍛件形狀和尺寸主要由操作工的技術(shù)水平?jīng)Q定。

In modern industrial production, machine free forging has become the main method of forging production, and it plays a particularly important in heavy machinery manufacturing. The shape and size of the forgings are mainly determined by the technical level of the operator.