低塑性拔長時，應(yīng)注意選擇合適的送進(jìn)比，送進(jìn)比太小時，變形集中在上下部，中心都鍛不透，并沿軸向產(chǎn)生拉鍛造應(yīng)關(guān)于鍛件的一些基本知識力，導(dǎo)致內(nèi)部橫向裂紋產(chǎn)生。在鐓粗時，常用軟襯墊鐓粗或疊鐓（用于鍛薄餅形零件），以改善變形的不均勻性，防止產(chǎn)生表面裂紋。鐓粗與拔長的反復(fù)進(jìn)行，可以改善高合金工具鋼中碳化物的形態(tài)和分布狀態(tài)。

When low plasticity is pulled out, attention should be paid to selecting suitable delivery ratio, sending too much time, deformation  on the upper and lower parts, and the center can not be built, and forging along the axial direction should be related to some basic knowledge of forging, resulting in the occurrence of internal transverse cracks. In the upsetting, commonly used soft liner (for upsetting or folding upsetting forging thin pancake, uneven parts) to improve the deformation, prevent the generation of cracks on the surface.

鍛造是指把加熱后的金屬材料鍛制成各種形狀的工具、機(jī)械零件或毛坯。鍛造過程中要對這些滾燙的金屬坯料進(jìn)行各種加工，因此加工過程中高溫、、振動和噪聲是避免不了的。所以鍛造過程安全防護(hù)很重要。

Forging is a tool, mechanical part, or blank that is forged from a heated metal material to a variety of shapes. In the process of forging, these hot metal billets should be processed, so high temperature, dust, vibration and noise can not be avoided during the process. Therefore, the safety protection of the forging process is very important.

鋁合金鍛件的生產(chǎn)可在多種鍛造設(shè)備上進(jìn)行。鍛錘可用于開式模鍛和閉式模鍛，其生產(chǎn)費(fèi)用較低，鍛打時需要控制好錘頭的高度、打擊力量和速度，因?yàn)樵诩眲∽冃芜^程中鋁合金對應(yīng)變速率敏感并具有放熱性。機(jī)械壓力機(jī)和螺旋壓力機(jī)都廣泛用于鋁合金閉式模鍛，適宜于生產(chǎn)中等尺寸、大體積和形狀適度的鋁鍛件。直線往復(fù)鍛造設(shè)備1、動載撞擊的鍛造設(shè)備2、動靜載聯(lián)合的鍛造設(shè)備3，高效能沖擊的鍛造設(shè)備。

The production aluminum alloy forgings can be carried out on a variety of forging equipment. Hammer can be used for open die forging and closed die forging, the production cost is low, when the need to  the forging hammer height, strike force and speed, because of the sharp deformation in the process  Alloy strain rate sensitive and exothermic. Mechanical press and screw press are widely used in aluminum alloy closed die forging, which is suitable for the production of medium size, large volume and moderate shape  aluminum forgings.

基本工序：自由鍛造時，鍛件的形狀是通過一些基本變形工序?qū)⑴髁现鸩藉懗傻?。自由鍛造的基本工序有鐓粗、拔長、沖孔、彎曲和切斷等。

The basic process is: free forging, the shape of forging is gradually formed by some basic deformation processes. The basic process of free forging is upsetting, drawing, punching, bending and cutting.