不知道聽到工藝兩個字的時候我們更多的想到的是什么?我想很多人對工藝的追求大多體現(xiàn)在對一些藝術品上面。拔長拔長是使坯料的長度增加，截面減小的鍛造工序，通常用來生產(chǎn)軸類件毛坯，如車床主軸、連桿等。其實不僅僅是藝術品對工藝的要求非常高。在我們的機械領域對工藝也是精益求精的，因為只有高超的工藝才能制造出更的產(chǎn)品，就比如說大口徑法蘭對它的工藝要求也是很高的。

I don't know what we think about more when we hear the two  of the craft?由于熱變形形成纖維組織，會使金屬的力學性能出現(xiàn)異向性，即縱向力學性能指標中的A，Z，Ak比橫向相應的指標大得多，兩個方向上的強度Rm。 I think a lot of people's pursuit of the craft is mostly on some of the works of art. In fact, not only is the art of art demanding very high technology. In our field of machinery, we also strive for improvement in technology, because only superb technology can make more perfect products, for example, large diameter flanges require high technological requirements for them.

鍛造設備是指在鍛造加工中用于成形和分離的機械設備。鍛造設備包括成形用的鍛錘、機械壓力機、液壓機、螺旋壓力機和平鍛機，以及鍛造操作機、開卷機、矯正機、剪切機、等輔助設備。

Forging equipment is the mechanical equipment for forming and separating in forging. Forging equipment includes forging hammer, mechanical press, hydraulic press, screw press, forging machine, forging machine, coiler, straightening machine, shearing machine, and other auxiliary equipment.

隨著電動機的發(fā)明，十九世紀末出現(xiàn)了以電為動力的機械壓力機和空氣錘，并獲得迅速發(fā)展。完全鐓粗是將坯料豎直放在砧面上，在上砧的錘擊下，使坯料產(chǎn)生高度減小，橫截面積增大的塑性變形。第二次以來，七十五萬千牛的模鍛水壓機、一千五百千焦的對六萬千牛的板料沖壓壓力機、十六萬千牛的熱模鍛壓力機等重型鍛壓機械，和一些自動冷鐓機相繼問世，形成了門類齊全的鍛造機械體系。

With the invention of motor, the mechanical press and air hammer powered by electricity appeared at the end of nineteenth Century, and developed rapidly. Since the Second World War, the forging water press, one thousand and five hundred thousand char, the punching press of Liu Wanqian cattle, the hot forging press of sixteen thousand thousand cattle, and some automatic cold heading machines have come out in succession, forming a complete system of forging machinery.

在芯棒上拔長。鍛造時，先芯棒插入沖好孔的坯料中，然后當作實心坯料進行拔長。拔長時，一般不是一次拔成，先將坯料拔成六角形，鍛到所需長度后，再倒角滾圓，取出芯棒。為便于取出芯棒，芯棒 的工作部分應有1：100 左右的斜度。

Pull on the mandrel. When forging, insert the mandrel into the billet of the hole and then pull it out as a solid billet. When drawing, it is not usually drawn at one time. First, the blank is drawn into a hexagonal shape, forged to the required length, then chamfered and rounded, and the mandrel is removed. To facilitate the removal of the mandrel, the working part of the mandrel should have a slope of about 1:100.