自由鍛都是以生產(chǎn)批量不大的鍛件為主，采用鍛錘、液壓機等鍛造設備對坯料進行成形加工，獲得合格鍛件。 自由鍛的基本工序包括鐓粗、拔長、沖孔、切割、彎曲、扭轉(zhuǎn)、錯移及鍛接等。自由鍛采取的都是熱鍛方式。

Free forging is in the production of small quantities of forgings, the forging, hydraulic press forging equipment is carried out on the blank forming process, obtain qualified forgings. The basic process of free forging including upsetting, stretching, punching, cutting, bending, torsion, displacement and welding etc.. The free forging is all hot forging.

機器鍛造是自由鍛造的主要方法，可鍛造質(zhì)量達到幾百噸的大型鍛件，這使得自由鍛在重型機械制造中具有特別重要的作用。Idon'tknowwhatwethinkaboutmorewhenwehearthetwoofthecraft。例如，水輪機主軸、多拐曲軸、大型連桿、重要的齒輪零件，在工作時都承受很大的載荷，常采用自由鍛造方法生產(chǎn)毛坯，使其具有很高的力學性能.滿足使用要求。

Machine forging is the main method of free forging. It can forge large forgings with a quality of hundreds of t, which makes free forging play a very role in heavy machinery manufacturing. For example, the main shaft of a hydraulic turbine, a multi crank crankshaft, a large connecting rod, and important gear parts are subjected to heavy loads when they are working. Free forging is often used to produce blanks, so that they have high mechanical properties.

鐓粗 鐓粗是對原坯料沿軸向鍛打，使其高度減低、橫截面增大的操作過程。這種工序常用于鍛造齒輪坯和其他圓盤形類鍛件。鐓粗分為全部鐓粗和局部鍛粗兩種。

Upsetting and upsetting is the process of forging the original billet along the axis, reducing its height and increasing its cross section. This process is usually used to forge gear blanks and other disc shaped forgings. The upsetting is divided into two kinds of upsetting and local forgings.

鐓粗主要有以下形式：

完全鐓粗。完全鐓粗是將坯料豎直放在砧面上， 在上砧的錘擊下， 使坯料產(chǎn)生高度減小，橫截面積增大的塑性變形。

Upsetting mainly includes the following forms:

Full upsetting. Complete upsetting is to place the blank vertically on the anvil surface, hammering on the anvil, so that the height of the blank decreases, the cross-sectional area increases plastic deformation.