自由鍛的基本工序主要有鐓粗、拔長(zhǎng)、沖孔、切割、彎曲、扭轉(zhuǎn)、錯(cuò)移及鍛接等。模鍛又分為開式模鍛和閉式模鍛．金屬坯料在具有一定形狀的鍛模膛內(nèi)受壓變形而獲得鍛件，模鍛一般用于生產(chǎn)重量不大、批量較大的零件。

The basic process of free forging are upsetting, stretching, punching, cutting, bending, torsion, displacement and welding etc.. Die forging is also divided into open die forging and closed die forging. metal billets are pressed and deformed to form forgings in the forging die chamber with a certain shape, and die forging is generally used for producing parts with small weight and large batches.

碾環(huán)是指通過專用設(shè)備碾環(huán)機(jī)生產(chǎn)不同直徑的環(huán)形零件，主要用來生產(chǎn)汽車輪轂、火車車輪等輪形零件。特種鍛造包括輥鍛、楔橫軋、徑向鍛造、液態(tài)模鍛等鍛造方式，這些方式都比較適用于生產(chǎn)特殊形狀的零件。

Roller ring refers to the production of circular parts with different diameters through the roller ring machine of special equipment, which is mainly used to produce wheel hub, train wheel and other wheel shaped parts. Special forgings include roll forging, cross wedge rolling, radial forging, liquid forging and so on. These methods are suitable for producing parts with special shape.

不知道聽到工藝兩個(gè)字的時(shí)候我們更多的想到的是什么?我想很多人對(duì)工藝的追求大多體現(xiàn)在對(duì)一些藝術(shù)品上面。其實(shí)不僅僅是藝術(shù)品對(duì)工藝的要求非常高。Specialforgingsincluderollforging,crosswedgerolling,radialforging,liquidforgingandsoon。在我們的機(jī)械領(lǐng)域?qū)に囈彩蔷媲缶?，因?yàn)橹挥懈叱墓に嚥拍苤圃斐龈漠a(chǎn)品，就比如說大口徑法蘭對(duì)它的工藝要求也是很高的。

I don't know what we think about more when we hear the two  of the craft?由于熱變形形成纖維組織，會(huì)使金屬的力學(xué)性能出現(xiàn)異向性，即縱向力學(xué)性能指標(biāo)中的A，Z，Ak比橫向相應(yīng)的指標(biāo)大得多，兩個(gè)方向上的強(qiáng)度Rm。 I think a lot of people's pursuit of the craft is mostly on some of the works of art. In fact, not only is the art of art demanding very high technology. In our field of machinery, we also strive for improvement in technology, because only superb technology can make more perfect products, for example, large diameter flanges require high technological requirements for them.

在現(xiàn)代工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中，機(jī)器自由鍛已成為鍛造生產(chǎn)的主要方法，在重型機(jī)械制造中，它具有特別重要的作用。而產(chǎn)生的鍛件形狀和尺寸主要由操作工的技術(shù)水平?jīng)Q定。

In modern industrial production, machine free forging has become the main method of forging production, and it plays a particularly important in heavy machinery manufacturing. The shape and size of the forgings are mainly determined by the technical level of the operator.