自由鍛的基本工序主要有鐓粗、拔長(zhǎng)、沖孔、切割、彎曲、扭轉(zhuǎn)、錯(cuò)移及鍛接等。模鍛又分為開(kāi)式模鍛和閉式模鍛．金屬坯料在具有一定形狀的鍛模膛內(nèi)受壓變形而獲得鍛件，模鍛一般用于生產(chǎn)重量不大、批量較大的零件。

The basic process of free forging are upsetting, stretching, punching, cutting, bending, torsion, displacement and welding etc.. Die forging is also divided into open die forging and closed die forging. metal billets are pressed and deformed to form forgings in the forging die chamber with a certain shape, and die forging is generally used for producing parts with small weight and large batches.

拔長(zhǎng) 拔長(zhǎng)是使坯料的長(zhǎng)度增加，截面減小的鍛造工序，通常用來(lái)生產(chǎn)軸類(lèi)件毛坯，如車(chē)床主軸、連桿等。

沖孔 用沖子在坯料上沖出通孔或不通孔的鍛造工序。彎曲 使坯料彎曲成一定角度或形狀的鍛造工序。

Drawing and drawing is a forging process that increases the length of the billet and reduces the section. It is usually used to produce shaft parts, such as spindle and connecting rod.

Forging punch punching out through holes or blind holes in the blank. The forging process of bending the billet into a certain angle or shape.

自由鍛造的設(shè)備分為鍛錘和液壓機(jī)兩大類(lèi)。生產(chǎn)中使用的鍛錘有空氣錘和蒸汽-空氣錘，有些廠還使用結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，投資少的彈簧錘、夾板錘、杠桿錘和鋼絲錘等。

The equipment of free forging can be divided into two categories: forging hammer and hydraulic press. The forging hammers used in production are air hammer and steam-air hammer. Some factories also use spring hammer, splint hammer, lever hammer and steel wire hammer with simple structure and low investment.