鍛造是一種利用鍛壓機(jī)械對(duì)金屬坯料施加壓力，使其產(chǎn)生塑性變形以獲得具有一定機(jī)械性能、一定形狀和尺寸鍛件的加工方法，鍛壓（鍛造與沖壓）的兩大組成部分之一。

Forging is a kind of forging process that uses pressure forming machinery to exert pressure on metal billet and make it produce plastic deformation to obtain certain processing methods of forging, which has certain mechanical properties, shape and size, and is one of the two components of forging, forging and stamping.

鍛件是金屬被施加壓力，通過(guò)塑性變形塑造要求的形狀或合適的壓縮力的物件。這種力量典型的通過(guò)使用鐵錘或壓力來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。鍛件過(guò)程建造了精致的顆粒結(jié)構(gòu)，并改進(jìn)了金屬的物理屬性。

A forged piece is an object that is applied to the metal by pressure to shape the required shape or the appropriate compression force by plastic deformation. This force is typically achieved by using a hammer or pressure. The process of forging has built a fine particle structure and improved the physical properties of the metal.

鍛造設(shè)備是指在鍛造加工中用于成形和分離的機(jī)械設(shè)備。鍛造設(shè)備包括成形用的鍛錘、機(jī)械壓力機(jī)、液壓機(jī)、螺旋壓力機(jī)和平鍛機(jī)，以及鍛造操作機(jī)、開(kāi)卷機(jī)、矯正機(jī)、剪切機(jī)、等輔助設(shè)備。

Forging equipment is the mechanical equipment for forming and separating in forging. Forging equipment includes forging hammer, mechanical press, hydraulic press, screw press, forging machine, forging machine, coiler, straightening machine, shearing machine, and other auxiliary equipment.

隨著電動(dòng)機(jī)的發(fā)明，十九世紀(jì)末出現(xiàn)了以電為動(dòng)力的機(jī)械壓力機(jī)和空氣錘，并獲得迅速發(fā)展。同鑄造毛坯相比，自由鍛消除了縮孔、縮松、氣孔等缺陷，使毛坯具有更高的力學(xué)性能。第二次以來(lái)，七十五萬(wàn)千牛的模鍛水壓機(jī)、一千五百千焦的對(duì)六萬(wàn)千牛的板料沖壓壓力機(jī)、十六萬(wàn)千牛的熱模鍛壓力機(jī)等重型鍛壓機(jī)械，和一些自動(dòng)冷鐓機(jī)相繼問(wèn)世，形成了門類齊全的鍛造機(jī)械體系。

With the invention of motor, the mechanical press and air hammer powered by electricity appeared at the end of nineteenth Century, and developed rapidly. Since the Second World War, the forging water press, one thousand and five hundred thousand char, the punching press of Liu Wanqian cattle, the hot forging press of sixteen thousand thousand cattle, and some automatic cold heading machines have come out in succession, forming a complete system of forging machinery.