鍛造設(shè)備主要用于金屬成形，所以又稱為金屬成形機(jī)床。鍛造設(shè)備是通過對金屬施加壓力使之成形的，力大是其基本特點(diǎn)，故多為重型設(shè)備，設(shè)備上多設(shè)有安全防護(hù)裝置，以保障設(shè)備和人身安全。

Forging equipment is mainly used for metal forming, so it is also called metal forming machine tool. Forging equipment is formed by exerting pressure on metal, and its basic characteristics are large force. Therefore, most of the equipment are heavy equipment, and many safety protection devices are set up on the equipment to ensure the safety of the equipment and the body.

隨著電動機(jī)的發(fā)明，十九世紀(jì)末出現(xiàn)了以電為動力的機(jī)械壓力機(jī)和空氣錘，并獲得迅速發(fā)展。塑性雜質(zhì)隨著金屬變形沿主要伸長方向呈帶狀分布，這樣熱鍛后的金屬組織就具有一定的方向性。第二次以來，七十五萬千牛的模鍛水壓機(jī)、一千五百千焦的對六萬千牛的板料沖壓壓力機(jī)、十六萬千牛的熱模鍛壓力機(jī)等重型鍛壓機(jī)械，和一些自動冷鐓機(jī)相繼問世，形成了門類齊全的鍛造機(jī)械體系。

With the invention of motor, the mechanical press and air hammer powered by electricity appeared at the end of nineteenth Century, and developed rapidly. Since the Second World War, the forging water press, one thousand and five hundred thousand char, the punching press of Liu Wanqian cattle, the hot forging press of sixteen thousand thousand cattle, and some automatic cold heading machines have come out in succession, forming a complete system of forging machinery.

二十世紀(jì)60年代以后，鍛造機(jī)械改變了從19世紀(jì)開始的，向重型和大型方向發(fā)展的趨勢，轉(zhuǎn)而向高速、、自動、精密、專用、多品種生產(chǎn)等方向發(fā)展。

After 60s twentieth Century, forging machinery changed the trend from nineteenth Century to heavy and large direction, and turned to high speed, high efficiency, automatic, precision, special, multi variety production.

鐓粗是鐓粗示意圖使毛坯高度減小，橫斷面積增大的鍛造工序。 鐓粗工序主要用于鍛造齒輪坯、圓餅類鍛件。鐓粗工序可以有效地改善坯料組織，減小力學(xué)性能的異向性。 鐓粗與拔長的反復(fù)進(jìn)行，可以改善高合金工具鋼中碳化物的形態(tài)和分布狀態(tài)。

Upsetting is the forging process that indicates that the blank height is reduced and the cross section area is increased. The upsetting process is mainly used for forging gear blanks and round cake forgings. The upsetting process can effectively improve the billet structure and reduce the anisotropy of mechanical properties. The morphology and distribution of carbides in high alloy tool steel can be improved by repeated upsetting and drawing.